Key Points and Summary – Japan is significantly bolstering its naval power projection capabilities by converting its two Izumo-class helicopter destroyers, the JS Kaga and JS Izumo, into light aircraft carriers capable of operating F-35B stealth fighter jets.
-The JS Kaga, which completed the first phase of its conversion in early 2024 with a new rectangular bow, successfully conducted F-35B landing and takeoff trials with the U.S. Navy off the coast of California later that year.
-This marks Japan’s return to carrier-based fixed-wing aviation for the first time since World War II, a crucial step in deterring regional threats from China.
Japan’s Mini-Aircraft Carriers Are Fierce
The Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) have evolved to a high-speed, mobile, 5th-generation warfare capability through the rapid development of new “mini-aircraft carriers” that carry American-built F-35Bs.
The new light mini-carriers of the JMSDF were deployed to the US last year, where they trained with the US Navy off the coast of San Diego. The redesigned destroyers of the Izumo-class have been converted into carriers that will expand the reach of Japan’s forces.
Called the “JS Kaga,” the newly configured amphibious carrier is designed to transport F-35s, troops, helicopters, and other power-projecting and attack-enabling assets.
The Kaga operates with a maximum displacement of 27,000 tons with a full load and an 814-ft flight deck, a ship vastly smaller than US Navy carriers, which displace more than 100,000 tons.
However, the Kaga is perfect for the JSDF at present.
First Japanese Carriers Constructed Since World War II
The Kaga takes its name from the Japanese prefecture, which was also the name of a World War II carrier. The JS Kaga is actually longer than its predecessor but doesn’t carry as many aircraft.
At least four bombs hit the Kaga during an attack by US divebombers led by Commander Wade McClusky during the Battle of Midway in June 1942: a 1000-pound bomb and at least three 500-pounders.
The Japanese had been caught trying to switch their aircraft from bombs to torpedoes, and the American dive bombers caught them off guard.
The explosions ignited 80,000 pounds of bombs and torpedos along with aviation fuel, immediately turning her into a flaming wreck.
Meet The JS Kaga
The Kaga and the Izumo have been modified to operate F-35B fighter jets, which have short takeoff and vertical landing capabilities.
These vessels are now capable of deploying and supporting F-35Bs, bolstering Japan’s defense capabilities, particularly in the context of rising regional tensions with China.
They operate more like US amphibious assault ships than traditional fleet carriers. It is also a milestone for Japan, as it establishes smaller aircraft carriers equipped with the F-35B Lightning II, or “Lightning carriers,” as the new capital ships of Asia.
These smaller light carriers can hit speeds over 35 knots and are very maneuverable, making them much harder to hit.
Conversion and Upgrades:
The Izumo-class destroyers have undergone modifications, including a reinforced flight deck and improved hangar space, to accommodate the F-35B.
This conversion involves modifying the flight deck, including strengthening it and adding heat-resistant coatings, as well as altering the bow shape to a rectangular design.
The bow of the Izumo-class ships was modified to a rectangular shape, similar to that of US amphibious assault ships. This increases the usable deck area and improves the ability to launch and recover aircraft.
F-35B Integration:
The F-35B is designed for short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL), making it well-suited for operation from these lighter, smaller carriers.
The second stage of conversion involves modifications to the interior compartments to accommodate the F-35B, including the installation of magazines for storing munitions.
Strategic Weapons For Japan’s Defense:
These upgraded vessels provide Japan with a more mobile and flexible strike capability, potentially enhancing its ability to project power in the region.
Trials have been conducted with US F-35Bs, demonstrating the vessels’ capacity to support the aircraft.
The ability to deploy F-35Bs from these “Lightning Carriers” contributes to Japan’s overall defense strategy, particularly in light of continued aggression from China. It allows Japan to project and protect its shores.
US Cooperation:
The US has been actively involved in the process, with joint exercises and training, further highlighting the close defense relationship between the two countries.
Japan’s MOD has also engaged in collaborative weapons development with the US on systems such as the Aegis radar, the SM-3 Block IIA, and the Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile Block 2.
Japan is also exploring the use of drones in conjunction with the F-35B, which could further expand the capabilities of its carrier air wings. The US has been developing the “loyal wingman” or the “Collaborative Combat Aircraft” (CCA) program.
Japan’s concern about China has led to significant increases in its defense spending. The Kaga can carry 12 F-35Bs.
While the F-35B is the only variant designed to operate from amphibious assault ships and light aircraft carriers, it boasts the same stealth technology and advanced avionics as the F-35A and F-35C variants.
About the Author
Steve Balestrieri is a National Security Columnist. He served as a US Army Special Forces NCO and Warrant Officer. In addition to writing on defense, he covers the NFL for PatsFans.com and is a member of the Pro Football Writers of America (PFWA). His work was regularly featured in many military publications.
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